POUM - Definition

The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM, Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista) was a Spanish political party around the time of the Spanish Civil War. The party was formed by the fusion of the Trotskyist Left Communists of Spain (ICE) and the Workers and Peasants Bloc (BOC) against the will of Leon Trotsky, with whom the former broke. They were formed as a Communist party in opposition to Stalinism in 1935 by Andres Nin and Joaquin Maurin. They were heavily influenced by the thinking of Leon Trotsky, in particular his Permanent Revolution thesis.

They were larger than the official Communist party in Catalonia and Valencia and highly critical of the Popular Front strategy, but they did take part in the Spanish Popular Front initiated by the leader of Acción Republicana, Manuel Azaña. The POUM tried to implement some of its radical policies as part of the Popular Front government but these were resisted by the more moderate factions. This political disagreement would cause Nin to leave the government.

During the Spanish Civil War the party began to grow in popularity and alongside the anarchist National Confederation of Workers (CNT) commanded the support of most of the proletariat in the zone not controlled by the fascists during the war. The British author George Orwell, a member of the Independent Labour Party fought alongside POUM forces in the civil war, an experience recounted vividly in his book Homage to Catalonia. Likewise, the movie Land and Freedom, directed by Ken Loach, tells of a group of POUM soldiers fighting in the Spanish Civil War from the perspective of a British member of the British Communist Party, and deals in particular with his disillusionment with Soviet policy in the war.

The POUM's support of Trotsky and opposition to Josef Stalin caused huge ruptures between them and the Communist Party of Spain, still unswervingly loyal to the Third International. These divisions manifested themselves in actual fighting between their supporters.

These divisions between the forces supporting the Popular Front allegedly aided Francisco Franco in winning the civil war.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POUM

BUENAVENTURA DURRUTI

"We have always lived in slums and holes in the wall. We will know how to
accommodate ourselves for a while. For you must not forget that we can
also build. It is we who built these palaces and cities, here in Spain and
America and everywhere. We, the workers. We can build others to take their
place. And better ones. We are not in the least afraid of ruins. We are
going to inherit the earth; there is not the slightest doubt about that.
The bourgeoisie might blast and ruin its own world before it leaves the
stage of history. We carry a new world here, in our hearts. That world is
growing in this minute." - Buenaventura Durruti, Spain 1936

SPAIN

General Franco imposed by Hitler and Mussolini, Spanish Republic during the years 1936–1939.

possibility, land reform, educational reform, public pension refor, trade unionism

groups opposed to these reforms carried out a military coup. Spain’s popular classes defend the Republic but lack of arms

The West did not lift a finger, afraid reform would “contaminate” their own popular classes

More than 200,000 executed, another 200,000 died in concentration camps 114,266 people, disappeared

until 1978, repression was a constant, apologists such as Juan Linz denied
fascist totalitarian, defined it as authoritarian. It was a nationalism based
on a special race

transition in 1978 carried out on terms favorable to the right-wing led by the king

Amnesty Law, immunity for all. Pact of Silence from all political parties, 114,266 disappeared remained disappeared.

three years ago, the grandchildren started looking. There were people who knew where. in this “model” transition, the right-wing forces still held enormous power

new law, The Law of Historical Memory. socialists have done little, afraid
the monarchy, the Army, and the Church) that insists on Pact of Silence and the Amnesty Law.

Enter Judge Garzon who tried to take General Pinochet to court. Under pressure recovery of historical memory. Pinochet was a boy scout compared with Franco. Judge Garzon called for inquiry. hold tribunals, the repression was even broader and deeper than previously known

reactionary forces mobilized, took Judge Garzon to the Supreme Court. Supreme Court, Judge Varela saw merit in their request. Amnesty Law
gave permanent immunity. Judge Varela’s indictment exposing all the political and judicial systems to the criticism

Judge Varela wants to prevent Judge Garzon, will reveal a pact of silence

The initial work done by Judge Garzon has already proved. United Nations Human Rights Law, Article 15.2 “crimes against humanity” cannot be silenced by
Amnesty Law

And the “official” international media remain silent.

THE BARCELONA COMMUNE

Orwell served as both a private and a corporal in Catalonia and Aragon from December 1936 until June 1937. The political party whose militia he served with (the POUM, an anti-Stalinist communist party) was declared an illegal organization and Orwell was subsequently forced to flee or face imprisonment.

By his own admission, Orwell joined the POUM rather than the Communist-run International Brigades by chance—but his experiences, in particular his and his wife's narrow escape from the Communist purges in Barcelona in June 1937, ^[1] greatly increased his sympathy for POUM and, while not challenging his moral and political adhesion to the cause of Socialism and Marxism, made him a lifelong anti-Stalinist.

Because of the book's criticism of the Communists in Spain, it was rejected by Gollancz, who had previously published all Orwell's books, and Orwell finally found a sympathetic publisher in Frederic Warburg. Warburg was willing to publish books by the dissident left, that is, by socialists hostile to Communism.<sup>[1]

To read the book, go here.</sup>

or here

SOLD OUT

George Orwell's snitching has been a public issue. Orwell, in the dawning days of the Cold War and not long before his death, compiled a snitch list of Commies and fellow travelers and turned it over to Cynthia Kirwan, a woman for whom he'd had the hots and who worked for the British secret police

Christopher lost no time in defending Orwell's snitch list in Vanity Fair and The Nation. Finally, I wrote a Nation column giving the anti-Orwell point of view, taking the line that the list was mostly idle gossip, patently racist and anti-Semitic, part and parcel of McCarthyism. Bottom line, I wrote, snitching to the secret police wouldn't do. Hitchens seemed genuinely surprised by my basic position that snitching is a dirty business, to be shunned by all decent people.

Hitchens has always liked to have it both ways, identifying himself as a man of the left while in fact being, as was his hero Orwell, particularly toward the end of his life, a man of the right.

Brit-wits Alexander Cockburn and Christopher Hitchens were feuding over how to characterize and judge George Orwell's tattling on Popular Front intellectuals 50 years ago.



Cockburn has responded with increasingly venomous allegations against Orwell. An examination of the Spanish Civil War journalism of Claud Cockburn, Alex’s father, sheds light on Cockburn’s apparent intense personal stake in this matter. Claud’s writings are collected in Cockburn in Spain; Dispatches from the Spanish Civil War, edited by James Pettifer and published by Lawrence and Wishart.

At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, millions of Spanish wage-slaves and peasants rose in an uprising that was in many ways more profound than the Russian Revolution of 1917, and came close to being the most radical social revolution of all time. The state collapsed in Madrid and Barcelona as the overwhelmingly anarcho-syndicalist working class collectivized the economy of the most industrialized area of Spain, and formed armed militias to defend their gains. Many soldiers and sailors mutinied and came over to the side of the revolution, and most of the officer corps and police were put to flight or killed in two-thirds of the country. In the rural region of Aragon, the revolutionary poor created libertarian communist zones where all wealth was held in common and money and the market economy were abolished. These events were appalling to Stalin and his underlings during the Popular Front period, a period of alliances between the Stalinists and any non-fascist political formations who would have them. Eager to form alliances with French business interests and the British Empire, and buy breathing space for his murderous state capitalist regime, Stalin sent his puppet communist parties and their “International Brigades” to Spain to restore power to the property-owning classes. Anarcho-syndicalist indecisiveness, incapacity and betrayal of the revolutionary movement allowed the Spanish Communist Party and its foreign backers to gain power, disarm the anti-capitalist militias and repress unruly proles and peasants. Homage to Catalonia, George Orwell’s account of what he saw during the Spanish Civil War, was the first major English language work to reveal that a proletarian revolution had begun in Spain, and that the so-called “Communists” were out to crush it.

For Stalinists of the Popular Front period, everyone who wasn’t a fascist was considered to be a potential ally, including broad sections of the capitalist class, and anyone who wasn’t their ally was smeared as a “fascist”, especially combative elements of the working class. Claud Cockburn was the leading correspondent in Spain for the British Stalinist paper, the Daily Worker. In the 1930’s this paper had a vast circulation among the working class of the U.K. In response to a spontaneous anti-Stalinist uprising by the working class of Barcelona in May 1937, Cockburn helped spread the lie that Hitler and Mussolini had planned the revolt. In the Daily Worker, May 11, 1937, Cockburn wrote, under the pseudonym “Frank Pitcairn”:

“Catalonia is full of German and Italian agents working desperately to reorganize the rebellion against the People’s Front government...German and Italian agents, who poured into Barcelona ostensibly in order to ‘prepare’ the notorious ‘Congress of the Fourth International’ had one big task. It was this: they were - in cooperation with the local Trotskyists - to prepare a situation of disorder and bloodshed... a situation in which the Italian and German governments could land troops or marines on the Catalan coasts...The instrument for all this lay ready to hand for the Germans and Italians in the shape of the Trotskyist organization known as the POUM.” (“Pitcairn lifts Barcelona Veil; Trotskyist rising as signal,” Daily Worker, May 11, 1937, Pages 182 to 184 in the Lawrence and Wishart text)

The Barcelona “May Days” of 1937 was the last large-scale working class insurrection before World War Two. The POUM, the “Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification,” was not a Trot group, but a politically muddled, pro-Bolshevik, social democratic party in whose militia columns many foreign leftists and revolutionaries fought, among them Orwell and the Surrealist poet Benjamin Peret. Although they only offered tepid resistance to the Stalinist counter-revolution, the POUM ended up being destroyed by slander and police terror, and Claud Cockburn helped pedal the slanders:

“In the past, the leaders of the POUM have frequently sought to deny their complicity as agents of a fascist cause against the People’s Front. This time they are convicted out of their own mouths as clearly as their allies, operating in the Soviet Union, who confessed to the crimes of espionage, sabotage and attempted murder against the government of the Soviet Union.”

His reference to confessions in the Soviet Union is Claud Cockburn’s approving nod to the results of the Moscow Trials, a high point of Stalinist totalitarian delirium, where Bukharin, Zinoviev, Kamenev and other leading Bolshevik bureaucrats confessed to absurd charges that they had long been agents of Hitler, the Japanese Emperor and other malefactors, and were subsequently shot.

From Spain in 1937 to May 1968 in France, and Italy in the 1970’s, Stalinist trade union hacks, party flunkies, journalists and cops have fought to defeat every authentic anti-capitalist mass movement of the 20th century. Cockburn in Spain thoroughly documents Claud Cockburn’s role as a parrot for Stalinist counter-revolution and terror during the Spanish Civil War, and George Orwell devoted several pages of Chapter XI of Homage to Catalonia to refuting Cockburn/Pitcairn’s hogwash about the May 1937 events. In his obsessive attention to George Orwell’s now gravely impugned integrity, Alexander Cockburn may be trying to defend the repugnant legacy of his dear old dad. George Orwell was a contradictory character, and a politically confused individual whose English patriotism irreconcilably divides him from authentic enemies of capitalism. If Orwell ratted out his political opponents to a British Intelligence agent, then his actions were almost as contemptible and vile as Claud Cockburn’s public relations work for the murder of working class revolutionaries by Stalinists in Republican Spain. There is no qualitative difference between Orwell’s alleged snitching and Claud Cockburn’s murderous lies.

http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/visfront/intro.html

http://balagan.org.uk/war/spanish-civil-war/timeline-la-marcha.htm

http://www.lewrockwell.com/fontova/fontova35.html

http://montages.blogspot.com/2004_05_01_archive.html

http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=1064

http://brockley.blogspot.com/2008/06/alexander-cockburn-and-counterpunch.html

http://poumista.wordpress.com/tag/leon-trotsky/